Het Midden-Oosten wil geen democratie omdat het “een beladen begrip” is. Beladen met alle negatieve ervaringen uit de koloniale tijd. Zo stelt o.a. Robert Fisk, de Britse Midden-Oostencorrespondent. Naar die verzuchting luistert het Westen niet, daar ligt volgens hem één van de historische oorzaken van de huidige geweldplegingen van IS. Het Westen vergeet de gebeurtenissen in historisch perspectief te plaatsen en schrikt wanneer het geweld plots naar zijn contreien geëxporteerd wordt. Wat het Midden-Oosten wil is vooral vrijheid, waardigheid en rechtvaardigheid. Zijn analyse van de Syrische situatie is genuanceerd. Hij schetst hoe een brutaal en gewelddadig systeem de bal aan het rollen bracht waarna het conflict geInternationaliseerd raakte.
Paradoxaal met de bewering dat o.a in deze landen geen democratie verlangd wordt, lijkt me toch het Tunesische voorbeeld waar het Tunesische Kwartet voor de Nationale Dialoog de Nobelprijs voor de Vrede 2015 in de wacht sleepte voor de “beslissende bijdrage tot het bouwen van een pluralistische democratie in Tunesië in de nasleep van de Jasmijnrevolutie van 2011”. Het kwartet is gevormd in de zomer van 2013, op een moment dat het democratiseringsproces bedreigd was door politieke moorden en grote sociale problemen. Het kwartet, dat bestond uit de Tunesische vakbondsunie, werkgeversfederatie, mensenrechtenliga en de advocatuur, “installeerde een alternatief, vreedzaam politiek proces op een moment dat het land op de rand van een burgeroorlog stond”, aldus het Nobelcomité. Het Nobelcomité sprak de hoop uit dat de Nobelprijs de weg van Tunesië naar democratie zal vrijwaren. De prijs moet echter ook een “inspiratie zijn voor iedereen die vrede en democratie in het Midden-Oosten, Noord-Afrika en in de rest van de wereld nastreeft”.
“The Norwegian Nobel Committe has decided that the Nobel Peace Prize for 2015 is to be awarded to the Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011. The Quartet was formed in the summer of 2013 when the democratization process was in danger of collapsing as a result of political assassinations and widespread social unrest. It established an alternative, peaceful political process at a time when the country was on the brink of civil war. It was thus instrumental in enabling Tunisia, in the space of a few years, to establish a constitutional system of government guaranteeing fundamental rights for the entire population, irrespective of gender, political conviction or religious belief.
The National Dialogue Quartet has comprised four key organizations in Tunisian civil society: the Tunisian General Labour Union (UGTT, Union Générale Tunisienne du Travail), the Tunisian Confederation of Industry, Trade and Handicrafts (UTICA, Union Tunisienne de l’Industrie, du Commerce et de l’Artisanat), the Tunisian Human Rights League (LTDH, La Ligue Tunisienne pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme), and the Tunisian Order of Lawyers (Ordre National des Avocats de Tunisie). These organizations represent different sectors and values in Tunisian society: working life and welfare, principles of the rule of law and human rights. On this basis, the Quartet exercised its role as a mediator and driving force to advance peaceful democratic development in Tunisia with great moral authority. The Nobel Peace Prize for 2015 is awarded to this Quartet, not to the four individual organizations as such.
The Arab Spring originated in Tunisia in 2010-2011, but quickly spread to a number of countries in North Africa and the Middle East. In many of these countries, the struggle for democracy and fundamental rights has come to a standstill or suffered setbacks. Tunisia, however, has seen a democratic transition based on a vibrant civil society with demands for respect for basic human rights.
An essential factor for the culmination of the revolution in Tunisia in peaceful, democratic elections last autumn was the effort made by the Quartet to support the work of the constituent assembly and to secure approval of the constitutional process among the Tunisian population at large. The Quartet paved the way for a peaceful dialogue between the citizens, the political parties and the authorities and helped to find consensus-based solutions to a wide range of challenges across political and religious divides. The broad-based national dialogue that the Quartet succeeded in establishing countered the spread of violence in Tunisia and its function is therefore comparable to that of the peace congresses to which Alfred Nobel refers in his will.
The course that events have taken in Tunisia since the fall of the authoritarian Ben Ali regime in January 2011 is unique and remarkable for several reasons. Firstly, it shows that Islamist and secular political movements can work together to achieve significant results in the country’s best interests. The example of Tunisia thus underscores the value of dialogue and a sense of national belonging in a region marked by conflict. Secondly, the transition in Tunisia shows that civil society institutions and organizations can play a crucial role in a country’s democratization, and that such a process, even under difficult circumstances, can lead to free elections and the peaceful transfer of power. The National Dialogue Quartet must be given much of the credit for this achievement and for ensuring that the benefits of the Jasmine Revolution have not been lost.
Tunisia faces significant political, economic and security challenges. The Norwegian Nobel Committee hopes that this year’s prize will contribute towards safeguarding democracy in Tunisia and be an inspiration to all those who seek to promote peace and democracy in the Middle East, North Africa and the rest of the world. More than anything, the prize is intended as an encouragement to the Tunisian people, who despite major challenges have laid the groundwork for a national fraternity which the Committee hopes will serve as an example to be followed by other countries.”
Oslo, 10 October 2015
Mohamed Fadhel Mahfoudh (Ordre National des Avocats de Tunisie), Abdessatar Ben Moussa (LTDH – Ligue Tunisienne pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme), Houcine Abassi (UGTT – Union Géné Tunisienne de Travail) and Ouided Bouchamaoui (UTICA – Union Tunisienne de l’Industrie, du Commerce et de l’Artisanat) will be representing the National Dialogue Quartet at the Prize Award Ceremony.
Een Engelse vertaling van hun Nobel Lecture leest u hier.
Bron: www.nobelprize.org
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